University of Michigan was one of the first public universities established in the U.S. W.K. It dedicated more funds to public education than did any other state in the nation. [1] The first European to explore Michigan, Étienne Brûlé, came in about 1620. Including: Reeves, Jaxon, Jackson, CarterCar, Orlo, Whiting, Butcher and Gage, Buick, Janney, Globe, Steel Swallow, C.V.I., Imperial, Ames-Dean, Cutting, Standard Electric, Duck, Briscoe, Argo, Hollier, Hackett, Marion-Handly, Gem, Earl, Wolverine, and Kaiser-Darrin. The Flint Sit-Down Strike of 1936-37 was the decisive event in the formation of the United Auto Workers Union (UAW). Before the growth of high schools after 1900, most women left school after the 8th grade at about age 15. He was a social reformer who battled corporations and was an early leader of the Progressive Movement. As a consequence, domestic auto makers enacted cost-cutting measures to remain competitive at home and abroad. Copperhead Democrats called the war a failure, and it became more and more a partisan Republican effort. The ethnics (especially the Germans) and the Democrats lost their political base. History The state of Michigan was populated by many Native American tribes before the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century. New Englanders and New England transplants from Upstate New York also filled the overwhelming majority of leadership roles in Michigan's early legislatures. In a short time, it became the fourth largest city in the country - housing shortages persisted for years even as new housing was developed throughout the city. In 1781, Spanish raiders led by a French Captain Eugene Poure travelled by river and overland from St Louis, liberated British-held Fort St Joseph, and handed authority over the settlement to the Americans the following day. The Michigan Territory was established by an act of the United States Congress on January 11, 1805, effective June 30 of that year from the Indiana Territory. Automobile assembly and associated manufacturing soon dominated Detroit, and the economy of Michigan. In the meantime, other tribes which had settled in Ohio were continuously pushed west by new settlers. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and Michigan passed into the control of the newly formed United States of America. The entire southern peninsula was home to a tribe called the Mascouten [7][8] until the Beaver Wars, which was probably home to a mixture of Algonquian & Siouan peoples before. In the 1820s, the U.S. government assigned Indian agents to work with the tribes, including arranging land cessions and relocation. ed. Pingree was elected mayor in 1889 by promising to expose and end corruption in city paving contracts, sewer contracts, and the school board. Throughout the 1970s, Michigan possessed the highest unemployment rate of any U.S. state. 226, Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State By Willis F. Dunbar, George S. May pg. University of Wisconsin–Green Bay. In 1763, the Native Americans were furious that Great Britain had gained control of the area and war began at Fort Detroit under the leadership of Pontiac, and quickly spread throughout the region. 2. Many of the Protestant homemakers were active in the temperance and suffrage movements as well. Jackson was home to one of the first car industry developments. Editors. The Works Progress Administration was the largest federal agency. It comprised numerous competing factions, including the federal officeholders who tried to control party affairs, local political organizations with their state legislators and postmasters who managed affairs locally; young anti-slavery activists, typically energized by pietistic ministers in the Baptist and Methodist churches—they fueled the Free Soil Party in 1848–52; Jacksonian Democrats who opposed taxes and government spending; Catholics, Episcopalians and liturgical Germans annoyed at the moralistic pietists; and residents in the newer western districts who resented the elitism and power of Detroiters. In 1847, the legislature passed a law to locate the state capital in Lansing. Both corporations constructed large industrial complexes in the Detroit metropolitan area, exemplified by the River Rouge Plant, which have made Michigan a national leader in manufacturing since the 1910s. Often just called Michigan, the University of Michigan claims to have the largest body of living alumni of any school on the planet. [23] These were "Yankee" settlers, that is to say they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England during the colonial era. Due to this heritage Michigan was on the forefront of the antislavery crusade and reforms during the 1840s and 1850s. Sometimes Michigan is called the Wolverine State. Michigan has a bottle deposit of 10 cents, instead of the usual 5 cents. Thousands of auto industry workers were dismissed along with other workers from several sectors of the state economy. Urban Michigan grew rapidly in the early 20th century, pulled along by the automobile industry in Detroit and vicinity. Now the Republicans turned the tables by charging that Michigan's Democrats were in bed with the South's "slave power aristocrats." [31] Nativism flared up briefly when the Democrats proposed to allow recent immigrants to vote before they became citizens, and the Whigs opposed. American Heritage Book of Indians. The first territorial governor abolished Wayne County and established new districts. In 1904 William Durant of the Flint, Michigan Durant Coach Works, a maker of horse carriages, set his sights on Buick Motor Cars which he soon acquired. Although the Anishinaabeg (plural) didn't have a true, organized government (They would usually elect temporary leaders called Ogidamoo in the moment. Questions remained over the boundary for many years, and the United States did not have uncontested control of the Upper Peninsula and Drummond Island until 1818 and 1847, respectively. Among them, the most important was Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit in 1701; it became the city of Detroit. While the information found on our websites is believed to be sensible and accurate based on the author’s best judgment, readers who fail to seek counsel from appropriate health professionals assume risk of any potential ill effects. The Federation argued that safety and health issues were of greatest concern to mothers and could only be solved by improving municipal conditions outside the home. Marie was founded by Father Jacques Marquette in 1668. Michigan continues to diversify its economy away from its dependence on the automobile industry. As part of the Treaty of Paris, the French ceded all of their North American colonies east of the Mississippi River to Britain. Ethnic festivals were a regular part of the city's culture. The first European explorer to visit Michigan was the Frenchman Étienne Brûlé in 1620, who began his expedition from Quebec City on the orders of Samuel de Champlain and traveled as far as the Upper Peninsula. Vessels from canoes to car ferries and steamers to modern ore boats have sailed these "inland seas," and about 6,000 vessels have been lost. After the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Paris (1783) expanded the United States' boundaries to include nearly all land east of the Mississippi River and south of Canada. 91, he Expansion of New England: The Spread of New England Settlement and Institutions to the Mississippi River, 1620-1865 by Lois Kimball Mathews Rosenberry, Houghton Mifflin, 1909 pg. [9][10][11], Afterwards, the Iroquois defeated the other Iroquoian tribes of northern Ohio—the Chonnonton, Erie & Petun—and continued into southern Michigan by the 1660s. [45], Most young women took jobs before marriage, then quit. African American mothers often chose day labor, usually as domestic servants, because of the flexibility it afforded. Johnson, Basil "The Manitous: The Spiritual World of the Ojibway" 2001. They soon moved their headquarters from Flint, Michigan to Detroit, Michigan. In 1774, the area was made part of the British province of Quebec. During the early 1840s, large deposits of copper and iron ores were discovered on the Upper Peninsula. Michigan has the longest shoreline of any state […] However, by 1862 the casualties were mounting and the war was increasingly focused on freeing the slaves in addition to preserving the Union. The French migrated west, settling the colony of Illinois around 1680, which claimed all the land between the Great Lakes, Ohio River, Mississippi River & Appalachian mountains. [36] A study of the cities of Grand Rapids and Niles shows an overwhelming surge of nationalism in 1861, whipping up enthusiasm for the war in all segments of society, and all political, religious, ethnic, and occupational groups. The violence then spread to several other Michigan cities and was the trigger for a mass migration to the suburbs. 1908 - General Motors is founded. Agriculture remained the main economic activity before 1860. 5. The Great Lakes, the numerous inland lakes, and the extensive arrangement of rivers were means of transportation, sources of food supply, determinants of the climate, battlegrounds, the impetus for industry, and a … Washington spent heavily on relief, recovery, and reform, relieved cities of the burden of relief, and buttressed a political realignment that gave the Democratic Coalition parity with the Republican Party in Michigan. The entry of the United States into World War II in 1941 the same year ended the economic contraction in Michigan. During the early 20th century, manufacturing industries became the main source of revenue for Michigan – in large part, because of the automobile. The History Department at the University of Michigan is global, multidimensional, interdisciplinary. The Democrats had always used equalitarianism as a way to attack the rich elitist Whigs. 2014. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and New York City, and brought large numbers of people to Michigan and provided an inexpensive way to ship crops to market. [25] The Erie Canal caused such an upsurge in immigration from New England that by 1837 "it seemed as if all New England were coming" according to one pioneer. During this period Detroit grew slowly; the rest of Michigan continued to be sparsely populated because the British were more interested in the fur trade and peace with the natives than in settlement of the area.[22]. Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake that is entirely within the United States. Michigan is first in the United States production of peat and magnesium compounds and second in gypsum and iron ore. Colon is home to the world’s largest manufacture of magic supplies. Josephy, Alvin M., ed. The amount with which the New England Yankee population predominated made Michigan unique among frontier states in the antebellum period. 223, The Yankee Exodus: An Account of Migration from New England by Stewart Holbrook pg. In the 1820s and 1830s immigrants from New England began moving to what is now Michigan in large numbers (though there was a trickle of New England settlers who arrived before this date). PLEASE NOTE: All information presented on Newsmax.com is for informational purposes only. Michigan Kids - History. Given the fact that they are culturally related & the Mascouten disappear from maps of the region around the same time that the new name appears, they may have later become known as the Wea, or Wabash tribe. 4. After decades of GOP dominance, the Democrats came back to power, as the business-oriented Republican economic policies had failed, the Democrats were energized, prohibition was discredited, and Franklin D. Roosevelt offered a New Deal. During his four-year term, he promoted the regulation of railroad rates, equal taxation, and municipal ownership of public utilities. It is the oldest city in the Midwest. [17], The Ojibwe called their land Mishi-Anishinaabaki (Mey-shih-Ah-ney-shih-nah-baaah-key), or Greater Anishinaabe Land. 1935 - The United Auto Workers union is formed. “Sweet Potato pies for Christmas”byClotee Allochukuis licensed underCC BY 2.0 2. Later, according to Oral histories, Algonquian peoples from the East Coast were driven west when Iroquoian people migrated to the region from central Canada and took their original homelands—These being the ancestors of the Ojibwe, Odawa, Potowatomi, Mascouten & Miami. Michigan's oldest university, the University of Michigan was founded in Detroit in 1817 and was later moved to its present location in Ann Arbor. Due to the prevalence of New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York, Michigan was very culturally contiguous with early New England culture for much of its early history. Although Michigan’s first territorial governor, William Hull, surrendered Detroit to the British early in the War of 1812, American rule was restored late in 1813 by the victory of Oliver Hazard Perry at the Battle of Lake Erie. 1995). A strengthening of the auto industry and an increase in tax revenue stabilized government and household finances in the 1980s. More US State History: Along with mining, agriculture and logging became important industries. The Congregational Church also was very strong in Michigan from most of Michigan's history, due to the New England origins of the state. Crane had a sharp eye for inefficiency, waste, and mismanagement, and was always ready to point out improvements and explain what the best practices were in the nation. Michigan remained a frontier society up until around the time of the Civil War. List of automobile manufacturers of Michigan, http://www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca/.../Publications/oa51-2-steckley.pdf, "Indian Removal Act of 1830 – Legends of America", "Michigan: Consolidated Chronology of State and County Boundaries", Official State of Michigan History, Arts & Libraries homepage (MHAL), National Register of Historic Places listings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Michigan&oldid=994007093, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Michigan Wolverine Football History October 19, 2020 – Happy Birthday Walter Smith. She identified and found solutions for air pollution. Clemens, Kalamazoo, and Grand Rapids. You should consult with your doctor before undertaking any medical or nutritional course of action. It was the later laws of 50 years later, outlawing Native American culture to control other tribes of the west, which permanently destroyed this heritage. Here are some final historical facts on Michigan to consider about the state’s history: 1. Map of Michigan. The first European to explore Michigan, Étienne Brûlé, came in about 1620. Rumor also has it that a group of Piscataway (An Algonquian tribe from Maryland) called the Conoy migrated into West Virginia & were noted as living around modern-day Detroit by 1819. Sticking chewing gum on the wall is a tradition that has grown in popularity since 1999 a… Thanks to new federal laws, labor unions grew rapidly after 1935, and for the first time became a major presence in large factories. Nichols, John & Nyholm, Earl "Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe". The Republicans encouraged the moralistic spirit of the pietists by turning it against slavery and the liquor traffic. Discover an overview of Michigan's rich history, heritage, historic events, and culture. Explore Mackinac State Historic Parks at home . She made 60 surveys and studies in 14 states that dealt with housing conditions in tenements, of schools, jails, water and sewer systems. The collapse of the old political system led to the realignment of voters and parties in the formation of the Third Party System, which formed in the mid-1850s and lasted until the mid-1890s. Michigan was the 26th state, admitted into the Union in 1837. 1815 - The oldest county (based on date of incorporation) is Wayne. Up until this time, French activities in the region were limited to hunting, trapping, trading with and the conversion of local Indians, and some limited subsistence farming. Early Michigan history is defined by the Indian tribes who inhabited the region for thousands of years. After their defeat in the War of 1812, the tribes were forced to sell all of their land claims to the U.S. federal government by the Treaty of Saginaw and the Treaty of Chicago. Other French explorers, including Jacques Marquette, Louis Joliet, and Sieur de la Salle, followed, and the first permanent settlement … They were paid five dollars a month, plus room, board, clothing and medical care, while their families received $25 a month. Hold down the control key and press the plus key. Sault Ste. One of the facts about Michigan you may not know is that Kellogg’s found its beginnings here. Toward the end of the century, the state government established a state school system on the German model, with public schools, high schools, normal schools or colleges for training teachers of lower grades, and colleges for classical academic studies and professors. 170. Kellogg opened the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company in the Battle Creek, Michigan, Michigan bridge is the fifth-longest suspension bridge in the world. Since Anishinaabe was a collective term for the Ojibwe, Odawa & Potowatomi/ Nishnabe, who formed a governed confederacy known as the Three Council Fires,[18] most of the Algonquian peoples around Lake Superior referred to their lands as 'something Anishinaabaki.' This is most likely supposed to be a reference to the Iroquoian water deity known as 'Blue Panther', or, more accurately, "Cat which Stalks Below." In 1787, the region became part of the Northwest Territory. 311, Robert E., Mitchell, "Civil War Recruiting and Recruits from Ever-Changing Labor Pools: Midland County, Michigan, as a Case Study,", Martin J. Hershock, "Copperheads and Radicals: Michigan Partisan Politics during the Civil War Era, 1860-1865,", Peter Bratt, "A Great Revolution in Feeling: The American Civil War in Niles and Grand Rapids, Michigan,", Alan S. Brown, "Caroline Bartlett Crane and Urban Reform,", Anthony R. Travis, "Mayor George Ellis: Grand Rapids Political Boss And Progressive Reformer,", Kyle E. Ciani, "Hidden Laborers: Female Day Workers In Detroit, 1870-1920,", Jayne Morris-Crowther, "Municipal Housekeeping: The Political Activities of the Detroit Federation of Women's Clubs in the 1920s,", Philip A. When iron and copper were discovered in the Upper Peninsula, impetus was created for the construction of the Soo Locks, completed in 1855. In 1805 Michigan Territory was separated from Indiana, and Detroit was made its capital. Marie. The Mascouten are supposedly so named for calling their original homeland of southern Michigan "Maskoutenich," or "The Treeless Land," for the Erie Plains region.[20][21]. For a few years in the mid-1850s, nativist fears of foreign immigrants, especially Catholic Irishmen and Germans, motivated the Know-Nothing movement. Population increases continued with industrial expansion during World War II and afterward. The history of human activity in Michigan, a U.S. state in the Great Lakes, began with settlement of the western Great Lakes region by Native Americans perhaps as early as 11,000 BCE. From 1861 to 1865, 90,000 Michigan men fought in the American Civil War, including 1,209 from the Upper Peninsula. During the 1870s, the lumbering, railroads, dairy farming and diversified industry grew rapidly in the state. [12] With the Iroquoians having conquered the southern peninsula for themselves, the other Algonquians began to refer to the nearby lake as Michigan, which translates to "Big Cat" in their language. Warner, Robert, and C. Lauren VanderHill, eds. The disputed zone became part of Ohio by the order of a revised bill passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Andrew Jackson which also gave compensation to Michigan in the form of control of the Upper Peninsula. The British, with the help of local tribes, continually attacked American settlements in the region starting in 1776 and conquered Detroit. He is remembered as the most dynamic and innovative mayor in the city's history, as well as a powerful political boss who built a coalition of working-class ethnic voters, combined with middle-class reform elements. Their southern border seems to very clearly be the Maumee River of Ohio & their territory extended around Lake Michigan into Indiana. [2] The area was part of Canada (New France) from 1668 to 1763. During World War II Walter Reuther took control of the UAW, and soon led major strikes in 1946. This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 17:43. Michigan became the leading U.S. source of these ores by the end of the century, thanks to the influx of experienced Cornish miners (from England) to supervise operations. War I, filling a huge demand for military vehicles, leading to a New urban. 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